Hallmarks & Carats

The parts of a UK gold hallmark: five marks and the weight rules

A UK gold hallmark has three compulsory marks: the sponsor’s mark, the standard mark showing purity in parts per thousand, and the assay office mark. Two more are optional: the date letter and a traditional mark such as the crown. Gold items under 1 gram do not have to be hallmarked at all. Each punch is explained below.

By Rocco Clayfield, trading as GoldPaid; the business incorporated as GOLDPAID LTD (company 17382540) on 5 August 2026 · Published · updated

How do I read a UK gold hallmark?A modern UK hallmark has three compulsory marks: the sponsor’s (maker’s) mark, the standard mark showing parts per thousand of precious metal, and the assay office mark. The date letter and a traditional symbol, such as the crown on gold, are optional. Under the Hallmarking Act 1973, gold under 1 gram, silver under 7.78 grams, platinum under 0.5 gram and palladium under 1 gram need not be hallmarked, even when genuine.

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Not sure what the mark says? Use the hallmark lookup. Final offers depend on inspection, item weight, purity, hallmarks, stones, non-gold components, condition and the live precious-metal market.

What a hallmark is for

A hallmark is the oldest form of consumer protection in Britain. A statute of 1300 required silver to be marked with the leopard’s head, and the Goldsmiths’ Company in London has carried out that work for centuries, as its history of hallmarking sets out. The system that followed grew across the kingdom and is now governed by the Hallmarking Act 1973. The marks tell you that an independent assay office tested the metal and confirmed it meets the standard claimed.

Without the assay office mark, a stamped "750" on a chain is a manufacturer’s assertion, not a legal certification. For a chart of the gold fineness numbers, including the 575 and 373 stamps that are not UK standards, use the UK gold hallmark chart and fineness table.

What are the three compulsory marks?

1) Sponsor mark. This is the maker, importer or sponsor of the piece. It is a unique punch registered with one of the assay offices. Usually two or three initials inside a shield or shaped cartouche.

2) Standard mark. The three-digit number that shows the parts per thousand of precious metal in the alloy. 375, 585, 750, 916, 990 and 999 for gold. 800, 925, 958 and 999 for silver. 850, 900, 950 and 999 for platinum. 500, 950 and 999 for palladium.

3) Assay office mark. The town mark of the office that tested the piece. The four UK offices are London (leopard’s head), Birmingham (anchor), Sheffield (a rose; Sheffield silver carried a crown until 1975), and Edinburgh (three-towered castle).

Assay officeTown mark
LondonLeopard’s head
BirminghamAnchor
SheffieldRose (a crown on silver until 1975)
EdinburghThree-towered castle

The optional fourth and fifth marks

Date letter. A single letter inside a shield that tells you the year of assay. The font and the shield shape are cycled, so the same letter has been used many times in different styles. A reference table is required to date a piece accurately, and hallmark date letters explained sets out the method and the modern year-by-year table.

Traditional fineness symbol. The crown for gold, the lion passant for sterling silver (a lion rampant on Edinburgh sterling), Britannia for Britannia silver, the orb for platinum and the head of Pallas Athene for palladium. Since 1999 these symbols have been optional extras struck beside the compulsory number, so a modern piece may not show one.

Weight thresholds you should know

The 1973 Act sets minimum weights below which an item is not legally required to be hallmarked. Gold below 1 gram, silver below 7.78 grams, platinum below 0.5 gram and palladium below 1 gram fall outside compulsory hallmarking. That is why tiny stud earrings, infant signet rings and thin charms may genuinely be solid gold but carry no assay office mark. The XRF report fills that gap.

A piece sold as precious metal that is above the threshold and is not hallmarked is either older stock made before the 1973 Act took effect in 1975, a foreign piece that has not been re-assayed for sale in the UK, or not actually the metal claimed.

Where to look on the piece

  1. Rings: inside the shank, near the bottom (the point of the ring opposite the stone). On heavy bands, on the inside surface where it sits against the finger.
  2. Chains: on the bolt-ring or lobster clasp, and sometimes on a small tag soldered next to the clasp.
  3. Earrings: on the post just below the back, or on the back of a stud.
  4. Pendants: on the bail (the loop at the top), or on the back face.
  5. Bracelets: on the clasp, or on the bar of the figure-of-eight safety catch.
  6. Pocket watches: inside the case-back, often with a separate sponsor mark for the case maker.

Common stamps that are not full UK hallmarks

"K", "Kt" or "KT" written after a number is a carat designation often used on US-imported pieces. "750" alone with no assay mark is a foreign or unhallmarked claim. "GF", "GP", "GEP", "RGP" and "HGE" are plating or rolled-gold abbreviations and not full standard marks. Numbers outside the British list, such as 333, 417, 583 and 875, are foreign standards that no UK assay office can strike: what 417, 333, 583, 585 and 875 mean on gold explains each one. A complete UK hallmark always has three punches: sponsor, standard, assay office.

What a postal buyer does with the hallmark

A hallmark is the starting point of the valuation. The XRF test is then used to confirm the alloy still matches the stamped standard. Mismatches happen, usually because a chain has been repaired with a different-carat solder, or because a counterfeit stamp has been applied to a base-metal piece. The XRF result is what the offer is paid against. If the metal does not match the stamp, the offer is calculated honestly against the metal that is actually there.

Your parcel travels on Royal Mail Special Delivery Guaranteed, tracked and signed for. Royal Mail cover may be available up to £2,500 depending on the postal method and cover level used. GoldPaid can confirm the appropriate postal option before you post. If the lot may be worth more than £2,500, tell us first and we can split it across more than one prepaid label at no charge. Final offers depend on inspection, item weight, purity, hallmarks, stones, non-gold components, condition and the live precious-metal market. See the full sell gold by post method.

Ten minutes with a loupe

You can do a lot with a 10x loupe, a kitchen scale and 10 minutes. Read the standard mark, locate the assay office mark, find the sponsor and date letter if present. The remainder is the metallurgy, which is what the XRF report exists for. Once you have both, you are negotiating with information, not guesswork. How the tested purity and weight are turned into an offer is the last step.

Next step: have the mark checked against the metal

A hallmark records the standard a piece was assayed at. It does not tell you what the alloy measures now, what the piece weighs once stones and non-gold parts are set aside, or where the market sits today. Send a photo of the punches on WhatsApp and we will tell you what can reasonably be read from an image. Post the piece and it is XRF-tested on arrival, with a written offer showing the purity found, the weight and the figure for each piece. Decline it and the tracked return costs you nothing. Accept it and we aim to pay by Faster Payments within one working hour of your acceptance.

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Common questions

Is a "925" stamp on its own a UK hallmark?

No. It is the standard mark for sterling silver. A full UK hallmark would include a sponsor mark and an assay office mark beside it.

My ring has only "18K" stamped inside. Is it real?

It is a carat claim, not a UK hallmark. It may still be solid 18ct gold, but it has not been independently assayed for the UK market. XRF will confirm.

Why is the date letter so confusing?

Each assay office cycles letters with a changed shield shape every 20 to 26 years. The same letter in two different shields can be 60 years apart. A reference chart is needed.

Are foreign hallmarks accepted in the UK?

Convention hallmarks struck under the international Vienna Convention are recognised by UK assay offices. Other foreign marks usually are not.

Is a hallmark a guarantee against forgery?

The marks themselves are protected by law. Counterfeit punches do exist. XRF testing is the modern check on whether the metal under a stamp matches the stamp.

Does GoldPaid pay on hallmark alone?

No. The hallmark is the starting point. The XRF test is the confirmation. The offer is paid on the tested metal content.

Where is the assay office mark on my ring?

Usually grouped with the standard mark and sponsor mark on the inside of the shank.

Do unhallmarked old pieces lose value?

Only as a question of trust. If XRF confirms the metal, the recovered yield is the same as an identical hallmarked piece.

I dug up a marked gold item. Can I just sell it?

Not always. A British hallmark does not settle the treasure question: hallmarking dates from 1300, so a marked piece can still be more than 300 years old. Ownership is a separate question again, because finds from land generally belong to the landowner. Our guide to selling a metal-detecting find legally covers the Treasure Act 1996 duties. General information, not legal advice.

Not the question you had? The full GoldPaid FAQ covers the rest, from postal cover and ID checks to what happens if you decline the offer.

Related guides

Reference pages

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